OOPS concept with example DOT net

1. Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit (class).
2. Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones, enabling code reuse.
3. Polymorphism: Allowing methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon.
4. Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary parts.

Example in C#

Here's a simple example illustrating these concepts:

csharp
// Encapsulation and Abstraction
public class Animal
{
    // Property
    public string Name { get; set; }

    // Method
    public virtual void Speak()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Animal speaks");
    }
}

// Inheritance
public class Dog : Animal
{
    // Overriding the Speak method for Dog
    public override void Speak()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Woof! Woof!");
    }
}

// Inheritance
public class Cat : Animal
{
    // Overriding the Speak method for Cat
    public override void Speak()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Meow!");
    }
}

// Polymorphism
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Creating objects of Dog and Cat
        Animal myDog = new Dog();
        Animal myCat = new Cat();

        // Polymorphic behavior
        myDog.Speak(); // Outputs: Woof! Woof!
        myCat.Speak(); // Outputs: Meow!
    }
}

Explanation:

1. Encapsulation: The Animal class encapsulates the Name property and the Speak method.
2. Inheritance: Dog and Cat classes inherit from the Animal class, allowing them to use its properties and methods.
3. Polymorphism: The Speak method is overridden in both Dog and Cat, enabling each to provide its own implementation while being referenced as Animal.
4. Abstraction: The user interacts with the Speak method without needing to understand the underlying details of how each animal speaks.

This example showcases how OOP principles can be effectively used in .NET.